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HUMAN ANATOMY KIDNEYS AND URETERS (Lecture Notes) Necdet Ersöz Gazi University Medical School Kidneys ü   Bean-shaped ü   Reddish brown ü   Retroperitoneal ü   Lie in the extraperitoneal connective tissue , lateral to the vertebral column. ü   Extend from approximately vertebra TXII superiorly to vertebra LIII inferiorly. ü   The right kidney is lower than the left kidney of its relationship with the liver. ü   Right kidney TXII – LIII ü   Left kidney TXI – LII ü   Largely undercover of the costal margin. ü   With the contraction of the diaphragm (respiration), they move downward in a vertical direction by as much as 2.5 cm ü   Excrete most of the waste products of metabolism ü   A major role in controlling the water and electrolyte balance within the body and in maintaining the acid-base balance of the blood. ü   The waste product is urine . ü   On the medial concave border is...